Chili pepper

Chili pepper farming

Agriculture Technology

On the subject this time we will discuss the issue of cultivation of chili pepper plants. Before we explain how to do the cultivation of chili pepper plants, you need to know in advance what are the benefits that exist in the chili. This chili is actually a clump of plants in the family eggplants. This chili has many types of chili and it also has a lot of the nutrients and vitamins of which are proteins, calories, fat, calcium, vitamin A, carbohydrates, vitamins B1 and C.

In general the pepper plants can be grown in the lowlands of the altitude of 2000 meters.Chili pepper plants can also adapt well to a temperature between 24 to 27 degrees Celsius and the humidity is not high.

Techniques to perform the making of chili seed is very easy. The trick is to choose the first chilli red and ripe course. Has a shape that is not defective, fresh, perfect, and no disease. Then you can remove the seeds by cutting lengthwise. Then you can wash it and dry it.

To perform seeding, the seeds of chili should be soaked in water beforehand kemudain you see where the seeds are floating. Your floating seeds because the seeds are floating waste will not be able to grow if planted. Chili seeds before planting the seedlings should be in advance using a plastic container of thickness less than 10 cm and do not forget to give a hole at the bottom of the plastic tub for its water management.

Chili breeding way is quite easy, simply by moving the seeds that have undergone the process cambah about age 10 to 14 days into the nursery. You can move it to polybags measuring 8x9 cm for container. Land which used to be 1: 1 with manure.

Planting way is to select the first seeds of the chili that is not defective, have the green color of the leaves, and are not attacked by pests and diseases. Then you can plant the seeds of chili into planting pots or polybags. You have to sow the seeds right in the middle and add also the land until it reaches a thickness of 2 cm.

You need to do the sprinklers every 2 to 3 times a day to keep the moisture in the soil media. You can perform subsequent fertilization after the chilli has a lifespan of 30 days after planting.

Thus the cultivation of pepper plants that might be useful to you.

Vegetables Cultivation

Vegetables Cultivation

Agriculture Technology

This article we will be a little explain how to grow vegetables using polybags or using pot. There are many types of vegetables that you can plant in a polybag or by using pots, for example, include mustard, celery, spinach, kale, peppers and many other vegetables. If you want to enjoy the vegetables that we have already mentioned the plant sediri is easy enough. Here are the steps that are easy and simple to plant:

1. The first step is that you need to prepare in advance polybags or pots, you can set the size of the pot or polybags that are not too small.

2. The next step is to prepare the soil media. Land that will be used for this plant should first be mixed with the use of manure.

3. The third step is to set your desired vegetable seeds for planting. You can buy the seeds of this vegetable in the farm shop.

4. Next you can set up a hand spray. These sprays are usually in use for bathing bird.

After four steps above are already prepared then you are able to immediately start to planting. However, there are some plants that can be planted directly in there also can not be directly in the planting and seeding should undertake measures beforehand. If you do not know how to sow crops, you can listen to seeding the following manner:

1. The initial step is to incorporate into the soil media in polybags or pots first.

2. The next step you can sow the seeds of vegetables into a polybag or pot but do not sow the seeds of vegetables too tightly.

3. The next is to sprinkle the seeds with soil or covering it with a thin soil use.

4. The next is to perform condensation by spraying water using seprotan hand.

You can menuggu this seeding process emerged a few days until germination of the seeds that you plant. After kecamabah it appears cambah then you can move it into a polybag or in pots.

Here's how to grow vegetables using polybags or by using pots that may help you.

Cucumber Cultivation

Cucumber Farming

Agriculture Technology

Cucumber is a plant that needs to be treated with caution, because of the nature of these plants are susceptible to changes in temperature and weather. The most appropriate way is to be generative methods of breeding or seed. Select selecting seeds from the cucumber with a good, and not rot. Wash the seeds of cucumber were already really old and cook, sifted seeds in running water to remove mucus. Choose seeds that sink, then dry in the sun for 2 days. Save the seeds for 2 months so that the taste is gone, the seeds are stored properly can last up to 1 year.

Before planting in steps - steps and how to plant organic cucumbers that have to be followed, namely, soak the seeds in warm water for 3-5 hours, then after completion, put the seeds on a damp cloth and damp it will emerge from the seeds sprout after 15 -24 hours.

Before planting, first plow the soil as deep as 20-30 cm. Soil with a pH of less than 6 can be provided dolomite about 1-2 tons per hectare, depending on the acidity of the soil. Combine with the land and let stand for about 1-2 weeks.

Make beds, a width of 1 meter, height 30 cm, length adjust as needed. Create distance between beds of about 30 cm. Close seedbed using plastic mulch so that the media remains moist.

Make the planting hole with a diameter of 10 cm, every two rows of beds give the planting hole. The distance between the planting hole is 40 cm and the distance between rows of about 50-60 cm.

Give manure, or a mixture of chicken manure and dirt goat or cow dung, a ratio of 1: 1. How the fertilizer can be stocked in the seedbed and mixed with the soil. After fertilizers, better let the land for 1-2 weeks.

Planting seeds have sprouted, which had been prepared. Enter each 1 seeds in 1 planting hole and then close using the land. Flush every morning and evening. After about 2 days is usually a seed - a seed planted will begin to grow and sprout leaves.

After 3-4 days of planting, can be given extra fertilizer, better use a liquid fertilizer. Liquid fertilizer made with goat manure mature mixed with water. Composition 1 kg per 1 liter. Let stand for 1 week fertilizer. Fertilizer application can be watered, liquid fertilizer demand is 1 liter / square meter.

Cocoa

Cocoa Cultivatiom

Agriculture Technology

Cocoa is one of the plants have great opportunities in the agribusiness sector. therefore these plantations preferred by many farmers. But to attempt to get maximum results, there are several ways on breeding techniques and treatment of the cocoa plant. The following is a way for the planting and maintenance of cocoa.

Seeding process. Cocoa beans to be selected as the seed can be taken from the middle part of healthy fruit and mature trees from seed plants that are old enough. Before germinated, seeds should be cleaned first of flesh with ash.

There are some additional you need to know:

Cocoa beans do not have a period of rest or dormancy, and therefore should be germinated or sowing.

Germination using jute sacks indoors, watering three times sehari.Sebaiknya prepare a polybag with size 30 x 20 cm (0.8 cm thick poly bag) and place for breeding.

Mix the soil with manure (1: 1), and enter it in polybag for breeding.

Next is planting seeds. When the seeds are planted cacao, shade trees must have grown well and shade while about 1 year old. Planting cocoa with intercropping system requires no shade, for example, can be done intercropping with coconut trees.

Seedlings are transferred to the media which had been prepared in accordance with the type, for types Noble cocoa seedlings can be planted after the age of 6 months old, and Cocoa lindak aged about 4-5 months. The time of transfer would that cacao seeds not forming young leaves or flushing.

For watering can be done 2 times a day, on the morning and afternoon as much as 2 to 5 liters per tree. Manure pit can be created around the plant (with dikoak). Fertilizer was included in the planting hole, then fertilizer is closed again.

Pruning tree branches aimed at the establishment of a balanced and vegetative growth is good and healthy. Shade trees also done trimming branches and leaves that grow tall and good.

Pineapple

Pineapple farming

Agriculture Technology

Pineapple is a tropical fruit that is widely known in the world. Areas particularly Latin America, Hawaii, Thailand, Vietnam, and of course Indonesia. Pineapple cultivation is profitable, in addition to easy maintenance, this fruit does have a high economic value. This time we will review some pineapple cultivation techniques and also how to plant pineapple.

Nursery or superior seed selection was instrumental in the successful cultivation of pineapple. Seeds believed to be able to grow well, resistant to pests and diseases is certainly productive or have a satisfactory production results. Seeding pineapple wide - range, as is commonly done by vegetative and generative. Vegetative way is most often applied in particular by utilizing the root shoots (tillers), stem buds (buds of the parent), the buds of fruit, fruit crown and stem cuttings.

Penyemaiannya technique that is on when the planting would be better if oiled aphrodisiac root (root growth stimulants). Transplanting the seedlings into a nursery with a depth of about 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm. Spacing the fair is about 5-10 cm. The condition of a seeding should always be moist (not wet and not dry, but watery) and dried so that the seeds will not die. Transplanting can be done after the seedlings grow as tall as 25-30 cm or have a lifespan of 3-5 months.

For land management, soil should be trivialized by means of hijacked manual / automatic or hoeing. After that, we prepared the beds with a width of 80 cm to 120 cm and a spacing between beds is 90 cm - 150 cm.

Planting is by making the planting hole which has a size of 30 x 30 x 30 cm planting hole can manufacture using a hoe or a single or also with other tools. Do the planting with a depth of about 3-5 cm so that the stems of plants will not rot. Watering is done until the ground was rather damp and wet.

Fertilization can be done after pineapple aged 2-3 months, and fertilization is done with natural or artificial fertilizers and supplementary fertilization should be done every 3-4 months until flowering plants to bear fruit. TSP fertilizer used is 60 kg / ha, ZA 100 kg / ha, and KCL 50 kg / ha. At 6 months old plants, can be done fertilizing with manure around 10 tonnes / ha.

Pineapple fruit harvested after the plant was about 12-24 months depending on the type of seed. Seedlings of fruit crown will be fruitful at the age of 24 months, and the seeds of stem buds will bear fruit after the age of 18 months, and the seeds of root shoots bear fruit at the age of 12 months. Pineapple plant rejuvenation can be done when the plants aged 4-5 years.

Apple Cultivation

Apple Cultivation

Agriculture Technology

Apple is a fruit crop which is very widely grown in the highlands that have cool air. This tree has a sturdy stems and leaves dense of a long stem. Apples are known to have many kinds, ranging from green apple, red apple, apple poor, etc. In addition as the consumption of fruit, the apple is also the raw material of snacks such as chips, dodol, cookies, and soft drinks. Even if processed by the fermentation of apple cider vinegar can be made useful as a medicinal herb. So many benefits of apples signifies that the fruit of this one can be used as an alternative to a business that you can run. Before deciding to cultivation, you have to do is:

Seeding

Seeding dapaet done in three ways: (1) Seedlings / siwilan, by separating plant saplings of basic plant taken bersaa parent tree roots. Tillers characterized by having a height of 30 cm, diameter 0.5 cm, and brown bark. (2) Rundukan, done by a long tiller attached recline soil, then the soil and carrying heavy objects so as not lifted until it comes out and then cut and plant roots. (3) Cuttings, by cutting the apple stem good with a length of 15-20 cm and then plant it on land.

Maintenance Seed

Do watering the seeds that have been sown with care on a regular basis once a week. Place the seedlings in the shade to avoid the rain and hot sun directly. Make fertilization 1-2 months with urea and TSP respectively 5 grams per plant. Immediately do replanting if seeds are dead. Apply weeding the weeds and seeds are attacked by weeds. Make sure the seeds grow well, trim if there are roots coming out of the polybag. The seedlings are ready to be moved after the age of 6 months after grafting. Seedlings are cut with 80-100 cm tall and the leaves diptong.

Land preparation

Land preparation that must be done is to sprinkle compost / manure on land planted with komosisi 2 tons / hectare. Provision of basic nutrition is done during 3-4 weeks prior to the tillage of the soil by plowing or hoeing. This is so that the soil becomes loose and contain the basic nutrients. If the soil pH is low, add lime / dolomite that soil pH to neutral. After that the land set aside for 2-3 weeks before planting. Make the planting hole with the size of 50x50x50 cm.

Planting

Remove the plastic bag and place it in the hole seedbed that has been made. Make sure the plant upright position and place it carefully so that the roots are not damaged. Cover the hole with soil and surrounding ground and pressing gently. Then flush that soil moisture is maintained. Post a marker if needed to avoid collapse exposed to the wind.

Maintenance

Maintenance is done is (1) weeding, made when weeds and wild grasses thickened around the young plants, jiika spacing of the meeting will rarely grow grass. (2) pembubungan, done by raising the soil around the plant to avoid stagnant water. (3) Elimination of pests and diseases, carried out on plant pests and diseases by providing a suitable and appropriate pesticide doses. (4) Perampalanan, done so that the plant can grow optimally apple with cut end of the stem and cut the shoots low to prevent evaporation. (6) Fertilization, performed after entering the age of 3 months in conjunction with the weeding and perampalan.

Harvest

Apples can be harvested after 120-141 days after anthesis (flower bloom after 4-5 months of age). Harvest should be done when the plants at the level of physiological maturity (ripening). Characteristics that maximum fruit size, smell of fresh, bright fruit color and fruit skin looks fresh, when pressed felt sharp. Furthermore, harvesting can be done every 6 months.

Dragon Fruit

Dragon Fruit Cultivation

Agriculture Technology

Dragon fruit is grouped into the cactus plant family. Although known as the fruit of Asia, this plant is originally from Mexico, Central America and South America. In 1870, the French brought the dragon fruit from Guyana to Vietnam as an ornamental plant. Because it tastes sweet, dragon fruit is eaten widely in Vietnam and China. In Indonesia, dragon fruit became popular since 2000. It is unclear exactly who first developed it. It is estimated that dragon fruit coming into our country from Thailand and cultivated by hobbyists plants sporadically.

Currently there are several species of dragon fruit plants are widely cultivated. Popular fruit types are as follows:

Hylocereus undatus red skin with white flesh

Hylocereus polyrhisus red leather with red fruit flesh

Hylocereus costaricensis red skin with intense red fruit flesh somewhat purplish

Hylocereus megelanthus yellow skin with white flesh.

Cultivation of dragon fruit is very suitable to the climatic conditions and the nature of Indonesia. This plant grows optimally at an altitude of 0-350 meters above sea level with a rainfall of about 720 mm per year. The air temperature is ideal for growing dragon fruit ranges from 26-36 degrees Celsius.

Dragon fruit plants can be propagated by generative and vegetative. Generative way that plants reproduce from seeds. Seed is taken by removing the seeds from the fruit dragon elected. This way a bit difficult and is usually done by experienced breeders. Vegetative means relatively more widely used because it is easier. Dragon fruit cultivation by vegetative means more quickly bear fruit. In addition, the properties of the parent plant may simply decline to her son. Here are the steps penyetekkan dragon fruit:

Choose a rod with a diameter of at least 8 cm, hard, old, gray-green and healthy. The larger the diameter of the trunk, the better, because the rod will be the main stem of the plant. Cutting is done to stem the length is about 80-120 cm. Do not cut all, leaving about 20%, part of which 80% will be candidates for seed. Cut the stems of seedlings candidate with a length of about 20-30 cm. The upper end is cut flat, while the bottom of the base to be plugged into a tapered cut ground. Useful to stimulate root growth. Cuttings pieces must have at least four buds. Cutting length can be shorter, but the consequences will affect the speed of fruiting.

Let stem cuttings that have been cut until the sap dries. If planted directly sap is still wet can cause stem rot. To avoid the risk of fungal attack stem cuttings can be dipped in a solution of fungicide. Prepare seedbed or poly-cuttings to plant the cuttings. To a mixture of soil or planting media, please see how to create a media hotbed. Flush beds or polybags filled with planting medium. Then plug the pointed part of the cuttings into the planting medium as deep as 5 cm. Provide shade or shield to protect the cuttings. Do watering as much as 2-3 days. After 3 weeks, the first buds begin to grow and shade or lid must be opened so that the seedlings get full sunlight. Maintenance seeds usually lasts up to 3 months. At this age range 50-80 cm tall seedlings.

The need for the cultivation of dragon fruit seedlings a hectare around 6000-1000 seedlings. The number of seeds needed depends on the method of planting and spacing. This time alamtani discuss methods of dragon fruit cultivation with a single pole climbing. With this system takes pole climbing as much as 1600 stems with the needs of plant seeds as much as 6400 seedlings per hectare.

For one pole climbing takes 4 dragon fruit plant propagating material. Seedlings planted around the pole climbing, the distance between the pole climbing to plant seeds of about 10 cm. Seedlings are transferred from the plot seeding or polybag. Dig the soil as deep as 10-15 cm, or tailored to the size of the seed. Then the seed is placed in the excavation and backfilled with compacted soil while.

After the 4th seed planted, tie rod plant seeds so that attaches to mast climbing. Perform the binding of each plant grows 20-30 cm along the panhandle. The binding should not be too fast to give space for the growth of plants and in order not to injure the stem.

Pruning to form the main stem of plant seeds carried on the stems. Good plant has a long main stem, large and sturdy. To get that select shoots that grow at the very top of the stem beginning. Shoots that grow underneath should be cut only. Pruning to form a branch of production conducted on shoots that grow on the main stem. Choose 3-4 shoots to be grown. Later it will be a stem bud production and grow hanging down. Shoots are grown preferably at the top, about 30 cm from the top end.

Rejuvenation pruning is done to the branch of production which are less productive. Fruiting usually 3-4 times. Trimmings results of this rejuvenation can be used as a source of plant seeds. Things to consider in pruning is the shape of the plant. Dragon fruit plants usually grow irregularly. Strive for shoots that have been able to shape the plant properly. So it is not too dense branches and trunks that exist under the canopy can be exposed to sunlight at a maximum.

Dragon fruit plants longevity. Productive cycle can reach 15-20 years. Dragon fruit cultivation began to bear fruit for the first time in months 10 to 12 counted after planting. However, if the smaller size of the seed plants, the first harvest could reach 1.5-2 years commencing after planting. Productivity in the first harvest usually indirectly optimal. One plant typically produces 1 kg of fruit. In one pole climbing there are 4 plants. Means the number Tonggal 1600 in one hectare will produce about 6-7 tons of dragon fruit once the harvest season. The cultivation of dragon fruit that can successfully produce more than 50 tons of fruit per hectare per year. The characteristics of the fruit is ready for harvest has begun red skin shiny. Tufts of reddish fruit, the color green has begun to diminish. Crown smaller fruit and fruit base closes or wrinkled. Rounded fruit size weighing about 400-600 grams.